![]() These systems have differing sources of energy, and matter cycles within and among them in multiple ways and on various time scales. However, the underlying traditional discipline of geology, involving the identification, analysis, and mapping of rocks, remains a cornerstone of ESS.Įarth consists of a set of systems-atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere-that are intricately interconnected. ![]() As a result, the majority of research in ESS is interdisciplinary in nature and falls under the categories of astrophysics, geophysics, geochemistry, and geobiology. The life sciences likewise are partially rooted in earth science, as Earth remains the only example of a biologically active planet, and the fossils found in the geological record of rocks are of interest to both life scientists and earth scientists. ![]() Inquiries into the physical sciences (e.g., forces, energy, gravity, magnetism) were pursued in part as a means of understanding the size, age, structure, composition, and behavior of Earth, the sun, and the moon physics and chemistry later developed as separate disciplines. Thus ESS involve phenomena that range in scale from the unimaginably large to the invisibly small.Įarth and space sciences have much in common with the other branches of science, but they also include a unique set of scientific pursuits. Thus, critical communication scholars of space and place also analyze and critique the rhetoric of mapping, analyzing both the ways in which maps are used to uphold operations of domination as well as those “countermapping” efforts that employ and subvert the history of cartography towards more emancipatory ends.DISCIPLINARY CORE IDEAS-EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCESĮarth and space sciences (ESS) investigate processes that operate on Earth and also address its place in the solar system and the galaxy. At the same time, mapping remains a technology of colonialism, a way of seeing space that stabilizes its movements and continues to enable colonial domination. If a society’s spatial logic (who and what resides where and with what consequences) provides insight into power and subjugation, then mapping offers a potentially useful critical methodological practice. Scholars of space and place, moreover, remain committed to mapping both as method and object of analysis. ![]() In order to understand and critique the relationship between communication, space, and place, scholars employ a number of concepts, many of which they share with neighboring fields, including mobility, globalization, affect, imagined geographies, place-making, critical regionalism, heterotopia, omnitopia, and memory places. Moreover, as sites of public identification, certain spaces and places (a national park landscape or urban park) are imbued with epideictic significance. Emergent from multiple intellectual traditions-including humanistic geography, the spatial turn in the critical humanities, and postcolonial theory-spatial studies understand space and place as the product of social relations and maintain a critical, de-essentializing politics: Spaces are always being made and remade with consequences for marginalized populations. The logic of power becomes manifest in the spatial organization of a society, and subsequently influences social practice. How a body thinks, its exposure to pollutants, or access to societal resources: these all depend, in part, upon where that body moves in relation to the other bodies that share their historical moment. Critical communication studies of space and place consider the ways power becomes located within a wider topography of social relations. ![]()
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